Native Americans and the Declaration of Independence
A response developed during our partnership with First Peoples Fund
“He [King George III] has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rules of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.” —Grievance 27, Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence uplifts liberating democratic ideals while dehumanizing Native Americans as “merciless Indian savages.” This racist positioning of Native peoples as “savages” led to seizing lands, removing entire tribes through Trails of Tears, outlawing cultural practices, and excluding participation in U.S. civic society.
By 1776, numerous Native nations had engaged with competing colonial powers for nearly two centuries. Native Americans defended their homelands through trade, diplomacy, or war. To indigenous peoples, the frontier was the line of defense for their lands and livelihoods. In the American Revolution some tribes allied with the Americans while others sided with the British with desperate intent to maintain their own Native sovereignties. Both the Americans and the British abandoned their respective Native allies at the war’s end. In the era that followed, Native Americans lost more land, lives, and freedoms to United States westward expansion. It was not until the late 20th century that policies restored self-determination to tribes, signaling that the Declaration of Independence’s ideals are still in process for Native Americans.
Native Americans, despite the inequalities suffered over time, remain overwhelmingly patriotic in defending and caretaking this country. They demonstrate the highest rates of U.S. military service of any ethnic group. The Declaration’s most powerful philosophies align with millennia-old Native American concepts of democracy, freedom, and equality. The long road to form a more perfect union with respect and rights restoration continues with tenacity and hope across over 570 tribes in the contemporary United States.
Dr. Gabrielle Tayac
Piscataway Historian